SOURCE Centre de Ressources et d'Information
Ambassade des Etats-Unis
New documents on political and social issues
April 2008
Voir aussi USA: Politique et société
SOCIETE AMERICAINE
DISCRIMINATION AND ECONOMIC MOBILITY
The Urban Institute, April 3, 2008
http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=1001156
Although many researchers have documented lower levels of upward mobility amongst black families, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of discrimination from differences in (sometimes unobservable) characteristics that also contribute to variation in employment, income, health, housing, and wealth outcomes across groups.
EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC MOBILITY
The Urban Institute, April 3, 2008
http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=1001157
Education policy is important to the discussion of mobility because it serves both as an end and a means to an end in eliminating inequalities. In addition to fostering mobility among those directly benefited by it, the children of beneficiaries may indirectly benefit as well. Thus, properly targeted education programs may enhance outcomes in both present and future generations.
THE EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION ON THE EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES OF BLACK AMERICANS
The Urban Institute, April 4, 2008
http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=901159
While most evidence suggests that immigration has had a modest negative effect on black employment, especially for those without a high school diploma, changes in immigration law will probably not improve job prospects for young blacks, Senior Fellow Harry Holzer told the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. He offered six suggestions for policymakers looking to improve outcomes for young African Americans, such as improving their early work experience and occupational training with high-quality career and technical education.
PULLING APART: A STATE-BY-STATE ANALYSIS OF INCOME TRENDS
The Economic Policy Institute, April 2008
http://www.epi.org/studies/pulling08/4-9-08sfp.pdf
The study is based on Census income data that have been adjusted to account for inflation, the impact of
federal taxes, and the cash value of food stamps, subsidized school lunches, and housing vouchers. The
study compares combined data from 2004-2006 with data from the late 1980s and late 1990s, time periods
chosen because they are comparable peaks of their respective business cycles.
STILL AT RISK
The American Enterprise Institute, April 22, 2008
http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.27846/pub_detail.asp
In 1983, the seismically influential Reagan-era blue-ribbon report “A Nation At Risk” declared, "If an unfriendly foreign power had attempted to impose on America the mediocre educational performance that exists today, we might well have viewed it as an act of war." Twenty-five years later, when it comes to the crucial task of preparing our children for citizenship, how do we fare?
U.S. LEGAL PERMANENT RESIDENTS: 2007
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, March 2008
http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/LPR_FR_2007.pdf
In 2007, a total of 1,052,415 persons became legal permane residents (LPRs) of the United States. The majority of new LPRs (59 percent) already lived in the United States when they were granted lawful permanent residence. Two-thirds were granted permanent residence based on a family relationship with a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident of the United States. The leading countries of birth of new LPRs were Mexico (14 percent), China (7 percent) and the Philippines (7 percent).
IMMIGRATION AND ECONOMIC MOBILITY
The Urban Institute, April 1st, 2008
http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=1001162
America offers opportunities for many immigrants to improve their earnings relative to what they could earn in their countries of origin, and research suggests that immigrants’ children tend to experience further economic gains. But the effect of immigrant workers on the earnings of low-skilled, native born workers may be significantly negative; some find that the recent influx of low-skilled, immigrant labor makes it more difficult for low-skilled native-born workers to gain higher wages.
Income Inequality, Income Mobility, and Economic Policy: U.S. Trends in the 1980s and 1990s
Congressional Research Service, April 4, 2008
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/103683.pdf
Income inequality has been increasing in the United States over the past 25 years. Several factors have been identified as possibly contributing to increasing income inequality. Some researchers have suggested the decline in unionization and a falling real minimum wage as the primary causes. Others have argued that rising returns to education and skill-biased technological change are the important factors explaining rising inequality. Most analysts agree that the likely explanation for rising income inequality is due to skill-biased technological changes combined with a change in institutions and norms, of which a falling minimum wage and declining unionization are a part.
Inside the Middle Class: Bad Times Hit the Good Life
The Pew Research Center, April 9, 2008
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/793/inside-the-middle-class
Fewer Americans now than at any time in the past half century believe they're moving forward in life.
Americans feel stuck in their tracks. A majority of survey respondents say that in the past five years, they either haven't moved forward in life (25%) or have fallen backwards (31%). This is the most downbeat short-term assessment of personal progress in nearly half a century of polling by the Pew Research Center and the Gallup organization.
The State of Minorities: How Are Minorities Faring in the Economy?
Center for American Progress - April 29, 2008
http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/04/minorities_economy.html
Rapidly increasing amounts of debt, high job losses, skyrocketing gas and food prices, and a tidal wave of foreclosures are driving many American families to the edge of financial ruin. Although all U.S. households are hurt in the economic slowdown, Hispanic and African-American households are more vulnerable; they are likely to suffer first and to suffer more.
