"le conservatisme américain" .
Auteurs : Louis Balthazar, Barthélémy Courmont, Lee Edwards, Frédérick Gagnon, Jean-Frédéric Legaré-Tremblay, Karine Prémont, Christian Rioux, Greg Robinson et Élisabeth Vallet.Collection Enjeux contemporains – Presses de l’Université du Québec2007, 172 pages, ISBN 987-2-7605-1496-6
Le conservatisme est une composante majeure de la psyché américaine. En progression constante depuis les années 1960, il a acquis une résonance particulière avec les victoires récurrentes du Parti républicain, dont le programme se fonde sur cette idéologie. La réélection de George W. Bush en novembre 2004 en a même conduit certains — notamment le stratège républicain Karl Rove — à affirmer l’avènement d’une véritable ère conservatrice destinée à dominer la vie politique américaine pour les trente prochaines années.
Comment alors expliquer les profonds désaccords envers certaines politiques de l’administration Bush ou les revers électoraux subis par les républicains lors des élections de mi-mandat ?
Rare ouvrage écrit en français sur le sujet, ce livre contribue à combler un manque préjudiciable à la compréhension de l’évolution profonde des États-Unis, de ses impacts sur la politique intérieure américaine et de ses conséquences sur les relations des États-Unis avec leurs voisins, leurs alliés et le monde
Retrouvez les dernières publications de la Chaire Raoul Dandurand sur sa newsletter
Source de la note de lecture: http://www.inter-focus.com/
Voir US Think Tanks
mercredi 27 février 2008
vendredi 15 février 2008
EMPLOYMENT – LABOR MARKET – PRODUCTIVITY
Edward Knotek
How Useful is Okun’s Law?
The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Economic Review – Fourth Quarter – 2007 – 31 pages
http://www.kansascityfed.org/PUBLICAT/ECONREV/PDF/4q07Knotek.pdf
“From the beginning of 2003 through the first quarter of 2006, real gross domestic product in the United States grew at an average annual rate of 3.4 percent. As expected, unemployment during the period fell. Over the course of the next year, average growth slowed to less than half its earlier rate--but unemployment continued to drift downward. This situation presented a puzzle for policymakers and economists, who expected the unemployment rate to increase as the economy slowed, as the Okun’s Law states.”
Riccardo DiCecio, Kristie Engemann, Michael Owyang & Christopher Wheeler
Changing Trends in the Labor Force: A Survey
The Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis – Research papers – January 2008 –16 pages
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/08/01/DiCecio.pdf
“One of the primary indicators of the state of the U.S. labor market is the labor force participation rate (LFPR). It is measured each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) as the fraction of the civilian, non-institutional population 16 years or older who are either working or actively seeking work. Although the LFPR is constantly changing over the business cycle, the most noticeable feature is its dramatic increase over the post-World War II period. Between 1948 and 2006, the U.S. LFPR rose by more than 7 percentage points, with the majority of the rise taking place between the early 1960s and 2000. What accounts for the changes in the LFPR in the United States over the past several decades?”
James Sherk & Patrick Tyrrell
Unemployment Insurance Does Not Stimulate the Economy
Heritage Foundation - WebMemo #1777 - January 18, 2008 – 4 pages
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Economy/upload/wm_1777.pdf
“With the economy weakening, some analysts have argued for increasing unemployment insurance (UI) benefits from 26 weeks to 39 weeks to stimulate economic growth. Few studies support the idea that extending unemployment benefits significantly stimulates the economy. In addition, extending UI benefits would do the following: (1) Encourage unemployed workers to stay out of work longer to collect benefits; (2) Encourage employers to wait longer to rehire laid-off workers; (3) Do relatively little to increase consumption. To stimulate the economy and create jobs, Congress should increase the incentives for businesses to invest.”
Jared Bernstein, James Lin & Lawrence Mishel
The Characteristics of Offshorable Jobs
Economic Policy Institute - November 14, 2007 – 12 pages
http://www.epi.org/datazone/characteristics_of_offshorable_jobs.pdf
“Offshoring is the practice of sending work from the U.S. to workers abroad. Computer programming in India or garments once produced domestically but now made abroad are examples of offshoring. This report presents data and findings in spreadsheet format. It concludes by showing that 18 to 22 percent of today’s jobs could be offshored.”
Bradford Jensen & Lori Kletzer
“Fear” and Offshoring: The Scope and Potential Impact of Imports and Exports of Services
Peterson Institute – Publications – January 2008 – 19 pages
http://www.petersoninstitute.org/publications/pb/pb08-1.pdf
“While the uproar over offshoring has largely subsided since the 2004 presidential campaign, there continues to be concern and anxiety regarding the potential impact of offshoring in general and services offshoring in particular. With the economy softening and potentially headed for a recession in the midst of the current presidential campaign, worries about jobs and globalization seem likely to reemerge. The purpose of this policy brief is to provide estimates of the scope and potential impact of imports and exports of services.”
CONJONCTURE ECONOMIQUE US EN 2008;
FPUBLIC AFFAIRS - American Embassy
Sylvie VACHERET
Tel: 01 43 12 29 28
E Mail: vacheretsr@state.gov
Voir aussi Crise 2007-2008
et Points de vue américains sur la crise economique et financière
U.S. ECO ONLINE
A SELECTION OF DOCUMENTS RECENTLY PUBLISHED ON THE WEB
No 100 – January 2008
ECONOMIC GROWTH
Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2008 to 2018
Congressional Budget Office – January 23, 2008 - 199 pages
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8917/01-23-2008_BudgetOutlook.pdf
“The state of the economy is particularly uncertain at the moment. The pace of economic growth slowed in 2007, and there are strong indications that it will slacken further in 2008. In CBO's view, the ongoing problems in the housing and financial markets and the high price of oil will curb spending by households and businesses this year and trim the growth of GDP. Although recent data suggest that the probability of a recession in 2008 has increased, CBO does not expect the slowdown in economic growth to be large enough to register as a recession.”
David Madland, John Irons
Responsible Investment: A Budget and Fiscal Policy Plan for Progressive Growth
Center for American Progress – Progressive Growth Program – January 9, 2008 – 38 pages
http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/01/pdf/responsible_investment.pdf
“The economic transformation envisioned in the Progressive Growth series of papers, requires a progressive economic program that is fiscally responsible as well as pro-growth. Our latest paper details how the next administration and Congress can do that. Our plan will not only help ensure future U.S. economic prosperity but also is affordable and can be paid for in a way that supports the progressive values of work, fairness, and simplicity. How? By accelerating America’s transformation to a low-carbon economy, by spurring innovation to sustain productivity growth and job creation, by rebuilding the ladder of opportunity by restoring economic security and mobility, and by creating a virtuous circle of rising economic fortunes for a growing global middle class.”
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
John Robertson & Ellis Tallman
A Look Ahead: Housing, Energy Squeezed in '08
The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta – EconSouth – Vol. 9, no. 4 – Fourth Quarter 2007
“In 2008 the U.S. economy will face several challenges, including risks that have affected the economy for nearly two years. With the continuing contraction in housing market activity, higher energy prices, and generally tighter lending standards by banks, the outlook centers on the extent to which consumer and business spending will weaken. Many forecasters expect that the U.S. economy will experience subdued economic growth in 2008, somewhere in the range of 2 to 2.5 percent as measured by real gross domestic product (GDP). This forecast is a notable step down from the growth observed on average in 2006 and 2007 and carries with it considerable downside risks.”
Economic Outlook: Economic Growth to Slow on Credit Market Uncertainty and Housing Contraction, Pick Up Pace in Second Half
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) - December 10, 2007 – 6 pages
http://www.sifma.org/research/pdf/economic-outlook1207.pdf
“Members of SIFMA expect the pace of the U.S. economy to slow in the first half of 2008 but pick up in the latter part of the year. Based on a survey of SIFMA members conducted during the week of November 27-December 3, the respondents also project the Gross Domestic Product to grow at 2.1 percent next year. Housing sector deterioration, tight financing conditions, an accommodative monetary policy response to the credit market environment, a projected decline in the price of oil, and the combined effect of a lower dollar and global economic expansion provide the backdrop for the economic outlook.”
Robert Bixby, Robert Kerrey, Peter Peterson & Warren Rudman,
America's Economy - Headed for Crisis: Realistic Approaches Are Essential
Brookings – Opportunity ’08 – December 2007 – 18 pages
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/Projects/Opportunity08/PB_Budget_Rudman.pdf
“Deficits do matter. Projections show risks to the economy, an extra "debt tax" on every taxpayer, and highlight the weakened ability of the federal government to invest in the future or respond to unforeseen emergencies. Cutting fraud, waste, and abuse, curbing earmarks, raising taxes on the very wealthy, or streamlining the staffing of the federal government is simply not enough to solve the problem.”
Rea Hederman Jr. & James Sherk
The Economy's Year-End Fizz
The Heritage Foundation - WebMemo #1766 - January 7, 2008
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Economy/wm1766.cfm
“On January 4, the Bureau of Labor Statistics announced that 18,000 jobs were created in the month of December; private employment actually contracted by 13,000 jobs. The unemployment rate increased from 4.7 percent to 5 percent, a larger-than-expected increase and the highest rate in two years. The December employment report is of particular interest due to a softening economy. Today's report provides evidence that the economy has slowed and that the chances of a recession have increased. While the economy will probably continue to expand in the next year, the weaknesses in construction, the financial sector, and manufacturing could cause the economy to tilt into a short decline.”
What Should the Federal Government Do to Avoid a Recession
US Senate – Joint Economic Committee - Hearings – January 16, 2008
http://www.jec.senate.gov/Hearings/01.16.08%20Avoid%20a%20Recession.htm
“The economy has been broken for some time, and the economic growth we have seen has not reached the vast majority of families. This will probably be the first business cycle where, at the end of the recovery (last full year being 2007), the typical family will have lower incomes than they did at the start of the downturn (2000, the last full year of recovery). Fixing this disconnect between growth and the pay and incomes of the vast majority of Americans requires a policy agenda on health care, retirement, labor policy, trade policy, and work/family policy that is much more substantial than what we will be talking about today. The focus today should be on offsetting the rising unemployment and the corresponding income losses that families will shortly face.”
The Near-Term Outlook for the U.S. Economy
US House of Representatives – House Budget Committee - January 17, 2008 – 8 pages
http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/hearings/Bernanke%20Testimony.pdf
“Since late last summer, financial markets in the United States and in a number of other industrialized countries have been under considerable strain. Heightened investor concerns about the credit quality of mortgages, especially subprime mortgages with adjustable interest rates, triggered the financial turmoil. As these problems multiplied, money center banks and other large financial institutions, which in many cases had served as sponsors of these financial products, came under increasing pressure to take the assets of the off-balance-sheet vehicles onto their own balance sheets. Banks have also evidently become more restrictive in their lending to firms and households. More-expensive and less-available credit seems likely to impose a measure of restraint on economic growth.”
Lee Hudson Teslik
Recession, Beyond the Economy
Council on Foreign Relations – Daily Analysis - January 22, 2008
http://www.cfr.org/publication/15287/recession_beyond_the_economy.html?breadcrumb=%2F
“When Goldman Sachs recently revised its forecast for the U.S. economy, predicting a recession in 2008, the shockwaves weren’t confined to boardrooms or even living rooms. The economic ramifications of a recession are much-discussed, myriad, and well-known. Less certain are the geopolitical and geoeconomic effects a U.S. downturn might bring, particularly at a time that finds other powers on the rise, the price of vital commodities spiking, and U.S. prestige in question.”
More than Half of Democrats and Independents Feel the Economy Will Get Worse in 2008
Harris Interactive – The Harris Poll #3 – January 7, 2008
http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=855
“With all the recent negative economic reports from financial services firms and from major retailers about lower holiday spending, it is not too surprising that Americans are not confident about the 2008 economic outlook. When asked to compare to last year, only one-in five (21%) indicated that they feel more secure financially now, and only a minority (15%) believe the economy will improve in the coming year. In fact, 38 percent of Americans say they feel less secure about their financial situation compared to last year and a plurality (45%) believe the economy will get worse in the coming year.”
FISCAL STIMULUS
Ruy Teixeira
Fact Sheet on the Bipartisan Economic Growth Agreement
White House – Fact Sheets - January 24, 2008
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/01/20080124-4.html
“President Bush announced his Administration reached a bipartisan agreement with House leadership on an economic growth package, and he encouraged Congress to deliver a bill to his desk as soon as possible to bolster the economy this year. The President's advisors and many outside experts expect that our economy will continue to grow over the coming year, but at a slower rate than we have enjoyed for the past few years – and there is the risk of a downturn. The agreement reached today meets the criteria the President set forward last week to provide an effective, robust, and temporary set of incentives to protect the health of our economy and encourage job creation. If enacted in a timely manner, it is expected to help create more than half a million jobs by the end of 2008.”
Alice Rivlin
The Need for a Stimulus Package Now
Brookings – January 29, 2008
“The economy clearly slowed sharply in the fourth quarter of 2007 after growing strongly in the third, and the current quarter is beginning with signs of weakness as well. Unemployment rose in December—although 5 percent is still a pretty good number—and employment increases stagnated. Retail sales have fallen off, and the housing sector continues to plunge. Although some indicators, notably exports, are positive, it is clear that the economy is in a period of slow growth, possibly headed for a recession. Some economists are predicting a long or deep recession. The gloomiest forecasts are coming from economists associated with major financial institutions. The truth is: we simply do not know.”
Strengthening America’s Economy: Stimulus that Makes Sense
US Senate – Committee on Finance – January 22 & 24 2008
http://www.senate.gov/~finance/sitepages/hearing012208.htm (part 1)
http://www.senate.gov/~finance/sitepages/hearing012408.htm (part 2)
“Strong indications suggest that economic growth is slowing and will remain sluggish for much of 2008. The risk of recession is elevated, however, and some respected economists believe that the probability of a recession has now risen to 50 percent or greater. Discretionary fiscal policy stimulus (that is, legislative action aimed at providing stimulus) may not be necessary to avoid an outright recession, if most current forecasts are correct. Nonetheless, policymakers may choose to proceed with a stimulus package to bolster a weak economy and as insurance against the elevated risk of a recession. Some economists advocating a stimulus also believe that a recession, if it occurs, could prove to be unexpectedly deep; a fiscal stimulus would help reduce the severity of a recession, should one occur.”
Tom Finnigan
RSC Stimulus Proposal Would Be a Move in the Right Direction
Heritage Foundation - WebMemo #1779 – January 25, 2008
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Economy/wm1779.cfm
“The Republican Study Committee (RSC) has introduced the Economic Growth Act of 2008 (H.R. 5109). The legislation, which aims to stimulate the economy by lowering the tax and regulatory burden on businesses, takes steps in the right direction. The legislation offers a solid alternative to proposals—such as tax rebates and federalizing mortgage contracts—that would fail to stimulate, or do serious harm to, the economy. Congress should focus on creating long-term, pro-growth economic policies in the areas of taxes, spending, and regulation.”
Alan Berube
After the Stimulus
Brookings – Opinions – January 29, 2008
“With the nation’s economy on the brink of cardiac arrest last week, the “emergency stimulus” doctors in Washington reached for the defibrillator to jolt consumers and businesses back to life. But even if we manage to stabilize the ailing economy, should we really discharge the patient without a longer-term health plan?”
lundi 11 février 2008
Blogs sur l'économie américaine
Annuaires et revues
USA: Blog catalog
Economics Blogs
Revue quotidienne des études économiques
Revue de G.Mankiw
Blog de The Economist
Economistes "libéraux"
Krugman
Dani Rodrik sur le développement
La pensée ultralibérale
Ecole de Chicago Becker, Posner
Influence économique américaine
USA: Blog catalog
Economics Blogs
Revue quotidienne des études économiques
Revue de G.Mankiw
Blog de The Economist
Economistes "libéraux"
Krugman
Dani Rodrik sur le développement
La pensée ultralibérale
Ecole de Chicago Becker, Posner
Influence économique américaine
Barack Obama’s Economic Agenda
Barack Obama’s Official Website - Report - 6 pages
http://www.barackobama.com/issues/economy/EconomicPolicyFullPlan.pdf
Hillary Clinton: Strengthening the Middle Class
Hillary Clinton’s Official Website – Economics Plan
http://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/middleclass/
McCain Tax Cut and Economics Plan
John McCain’s Official Website - Pro-Growth Tax Agenda
http://www.johnmccain.com/Informing/Issues/0B8E4DB8-5B0C-459F-97EA-D7B542A78235.htm
Les jeunes dans l'éléction présidentielle
Source:
Forum Mondial de l'e-Démocratie
Lettre d'informations sur l'e-Démocratie
Mobilisation sans précédent des jeunes dans la présidentielle américaineLettre d'informations sur l'e-Démocratie
Derrière la popularité du candidat démocrate Barack Obama, c'est la mobilisation sans précédent des jeunes de moins de 30 ans qui marque la campagne des primaires américaines. Selon les résultats des sondages sortis des urnes et les calculs du Centre d'information et de recherche sur l'engagement civique (Circle), la participation électorale des jeunes votants atteint partout des scores inédits. Dans pratiquement chaque Etat où se sont tenus des élections primaires ou des caucus, la participation des jeunes a doublé, triplé et même parfois quadruplé par rapport aux scrutins de 2000 et 2004. Un phénomène qui, combiné à l'utilisation des outils technologiques, favorables à la constitution de réseaux, pourrait bouleverser la donne. [Lire la suite]
A lire :
- Behind the Clinton-Obama Draw
- Super Tuesday Youth voters turnout triples, quadruples in some States
- It's their turn now
- La percée d'Obama est-elle liée au web ?
- Obama sera-t-il le JFK du net ?
vendredi 8 février 2008
RACES ET MINORITES USA
SOURCES: All previous web alerts can be found at:
http://france.usembassy.gov/irc/politics/webalert/default.htm
RACE, ETHNICITY AND CAMPAIGN ’08
The Pew Research Center, January 17, 2008
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/694/race-ethnicity-and-campaign-08
A major Pew Research survey of racial attitudes taken this past fall found that whites, blacks and Hispanics all have generally favorable opinions of one another and all tend to see inter-group relations in a more positive than negative light. There are some differences in these attitudes by race, ethnicity, age, social-economic status and geography -- but these tend to be small. The overall portrait of race relations is one of moderation, stability and modest progress.
Spotlight on Naturalization Trends in Advance of the 2008 Elections
The Migration Policy Institute, January 2008
http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=670
Beginning October 1, 2008, immigrants who wish and are eligible to become U.S. citizens will have to take a revised citizenship test. The new test was created to ensure that future citizens have a good understanding of U.S. history and civic values, as well as English language skills.
THE IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS ON THE BUDGETS OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Congressional Budget Office, December 2007
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/87xx/doc8711/12-6-Immigration.pdf
This paper, requested by the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Senate Finance Committee, is one of several reports prepared by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) that present facts and research on immigration. The paper focuses on the estimated costs that certain state and local governments incur for providing various services--especially those related to education, health care, and law enforcement--to unauthorized immigrants. It also looks at the estimated taxes those individuals pay and at certain types of federal assistance that are available to states to help provide such services. In keeping with CBO’s mandate to provide objective, nonpartisan analysis, the paper makes no recommendations.
MANAGING DIVERSITY IN CORPORATE AMERICA
The Rand Corporation, January 23, 2008
http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2007/RAND_OP206.pdf
Managing diversity has become a primary concern of top U.S. corporations. As a result, a cottage industry of firms specializing in diversity management has emerged to help corporate executives identify appropriate diversity policies and programs. Generally, however, the diversity management literature consists of a laundry list of best practices that is not well organized, prioritized, or integrated. In contrast to this rule-based approach, the authors attempt to lay the groundwork for a fact-based approach to diversity management.
RACE & ETHNICITY IN AMERICA: TURNING A BLIND EYE TO INJUSTICE
American Civil Liberties Union, December 10, 2007
http://www.aclu.org/pdfs/humanrights/cerd_full_report.pdf
According to this report, racial and ethnic discrimination and inequality are ongoing and pervasive in the U.S. Policies at the federal, state, and local levels often burden “racial and ethnic minorities and non-citizens, immigrants, low-wage workers, women, children, and the accused.” This report offers a “Convention” to U.S. policymakers to rectify these discriminatory policies.
HISPANICS AND THE 2008 ELECTION: A SWING VOTE?
The Pew Hispanic Center, December 8, 2007
http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/83.pdf
After spending the first part of this decade loosening their historic ties to the Democratic Party, Hispanic voters have reversed course in the past year, a new nationwide survey of Latinos by the Pew Hispanic Center has found. Some 57% of Hispanic registered voters now call themselves Democrats or say they lean to the Democratic Party, while just 23% align with the Republican Party -- meaning there is now a 34 percentage point gap in partisan affiliation among Latinos.
IMMIGRANTS INTEGRATION IN LOW-INCOME URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS
The Urban Institute, November 27, 2007
http://www.urban.org/publications/411574.html
How are immigrants integrating in U.S. inner cities? To answer this question, this report draws on a unique survey of residents in 10 vulnerable urban neighborhoods to examine the financial well-being and economic integration of families of different racial, ethnic, and nativity status. The paper explores the extent to which the economic well-being of immigrant groups is influenced by specific factors related to their immigrant status, compared with members of native-born minority groups and native-born whites.
2007 NATIONAL SURVEY OF LATINOS: AS ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION DEBATE ISSUE HEATS UP, LATINOS FEEL A CHILL
The Pew Hispanic Center, December 13, 2007
http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/84.pdf
Hispanics in the United States are feeling a range of negative effects from the increased public attention and stepped up enforcement measures that have accompanied the growing national debate over illegal immigration. Just over half of all Hispanic adults in the U.S. worry that they, a family member or a close friend could be deported, a new nationwide survey of Latinos by the Pew Hispanic Center has found.
Blacks See Growing Values Gap Between Poor and Middle Class
The Pew Research Center, November 13, 2007
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/634/black-public-opinion
African Americans see a widening gulf between the values of middle class blacks and poor blacks, and nearly four in ten say that because of the diversity within their community, blacks can no longer be thought of as a single race, a new Pew Research Center survey has found. The survey also finds blacks less upbeat about the state of black progress now than at any time since 1983. Looking backward, just one in five blacks say things are better for blacks now than they were five years ago. Looking ahead, fewer than half of all blacks (44%) say they think life for blacks will get better in the future, down from the 57% who said so in a 1986 survey.
Muslim Integration: Challenging Conventional Wisdom in Europe and the United States
Center for Strategic and International Studies, September 20, 2007
http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/070920_muslimintegration.pdf
This report shows “that despite efforts to improve the West’s collective understating of Islam and Muslim integration in American and European societies, many countries remain ill-equipped to fully incorporate these growing groups into society at large in terms of economic advancement, social mobility, and political participation. As such, the report highlights some of these shortcomings, puts forth a more accurate picture of European and U.S. Muslim communities, and presents recommendations for improving the status quo.”
PAYING THE PRICE: THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION RAIDS ON AMERICA’S CHILDREN
The Urban Institute, October 31st, 2007
http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411566_immigration_raids.pdf
Over the past year, Immigration and Customs Enforcement has intensified immigration enforcement activities by conducting several large-scale worksite raids across the country. From an in-depth study of three communities--Greeley, CO, Grand Island, NE and New Bedford, MA--this report details the impact of these worksite raids on the well-being of children. The report provides detailed recommendations to a variety of stakeholders to help mitigate the harmful effects of worksite raids on children.
RACE, ETHNICITY AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
American Sociological Association, September 2007
http://www.asanet.org/galleries/Research/ASARaceCrime.pdf
This research brief highlights data and research findings on racial and ethnic disparities in crime and the criminal justice system in the United States, with particular emphasis on studies that illustrate differences that can be explained by discrimination. The discussion focuses on issues relating to race/ethnicity in different stages of criminal justice processing at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
SOCIETE AMERICAINE
SPECIAL REPORT ON MEDICAID: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN CARE AND COST
The Pew Center on the States, January 2, 2008
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/uploadedFiles/Medicaid%20Special%20Report(1).pdf
This report examines the challenges facing state Medicaid programs and the balance to be struck between care and cost considerations.
MEASURING UP 2006
The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, December 28, 2007
http://measuringup.highereducation.org/
Measuring Up 2006 is the fourth national report card on higher education in the United States. As in earlier editions, the 2006 report card evaluates the progress of the nation and all 50 states in providing Americans with education and training from high school through the baccalaureate degree.
FOUNDATION GIVING TRENDS: PREVIEW
Foundation Center, December 2007
http://foundationcenter.org/gainknowledge/research/pdf/fgt_preview_2008.pdf
This preview highlights key patterns of giving during 2006 by subject area, type of support, population group, geographic focus, and foundation type. The report illustrates that health issues passed education as the top priority of private and community foundations primarily due to large grants received from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. A full analysis of grants will be published in February 2008.
VOLUNTEERING IN THE UNITED STATES, 2007
Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 23, 2007
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/volun.pdf
About 60.8 million people volunteered through or for an organization at least once between September 2006 and September 2007, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The proportion of the population who volunteered was 26.2 percent. This 0.5 percentage point decrease in the volunteer rate follows a decline of 2.1 percentage points in the prior year. The volunteer rate had held constant at 28.8 percent from 2003 through 2005, after rising slightly from its 2002 level of 27.4 percent.
RELIGION AND SECULARISM: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, December 3, 2007
http://pewforum.org/events/?EventID=161
Given the recent popularity of several high-profile books on atheism, the Pew Forum invited Wilfred McClay, a distinguished professor of intellectual history, to speak on the historical relationship between religion and secularism in America. McClay argued for a distinction between two types of secularism.
U.S. RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE
The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 2008
http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf
An extensive new survey by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life details the religious affiliation of the American public and explores the shifts taking place in the U.S. religious landscape. Based on interviews with more than 35,000 Americans age 18 and older, the U.S. Religious Landscape Survey finds that religious affiliation in the U.S. is both very diverse and extremely fluid.
The Landscape Survey confirms that the United States is on the verge of becoming a minority Protestant country; the number of Americans who report that they are members of Protestant denominations now stands at barely 51%.
LA CAMPAGNE PRESIDENTIELLE DE 2008
SOURCES:
http://france.usembassy.gov/irc/politics/webalert/default.htm
INTERNET’S BROADER ROLE IN CAMPAIGN 2008
The Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, January 11, 2008
http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/384.pdf
The internet is living up to its potential as a major source for news about the presidential campaign. Nearly a quarter of Americans (24%) say they regularly learn something about the campaign from the internet, almost double the percentage from a comparable point in the 2004 campaign (13%). The quadrennial survey by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press and the Pew Internet & American Life Project on campaign news and political communication, conducted Dec. 19-30 among 1,430 adults, shows that the proportion of Americans who rely on traditional news sources for information about the campaign has remained static or declined slightly since the last presidential campaign. Compared with the 2000 campaign, far fewer Americans now say they regularly learn about the campaign from local TV news (down eight points), nightly network news (down 13 points) and daily newspapers (down nine points). Cable news networks are up modestly since 2000, but have shown no growth since the 2004 campaign. By contrast, the proportion of Americans who say they regularly learn about the campaign from the internet has more than doubled since 2000 – from 9% to 24%.
RACE, ETHNICITY AND CAMPAIGN ’08
The Pew Research Center, January 17, 2008
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/694/race-ethnicity-and-campaign-08
A major Pew Research survey of racial attitudes taken this past fall found that whites, blacks and Hispanics all have generally favorable opinions of one another and all tend to see inter-group relations in a more positive than negative light. There are some differences in these attitudes by race, ethnicity, age, social-economic status and geography -- but these tend to be small. The overall portrait of race relations is one of moderation, stability and modest progress.
THE RELIGION FACTOR IN THE 2008 ELECTION
The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, December 4, 2007
http://pewforum.org/events/?EventID=163
Analyzing recent surveys, John C. Green suggested that the line dividing more observant and less observant voters - so pronounced in the 2004 election - may be blurring. Finally, Green pointed out that while a majority of Americans both like the idea of a president with strong religious faith and enjoy hearing candidates talk about their beliefs, a significant minority are turned off by what they perceive as too much faith talk; candidates must therefore walk a fine line in order to satisfy both constituencies.
Spotlight on Naturalization Trends in Advance of the 2008 Elections
The Migration Policy Institute, January 2008
http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=670
Beginning October 1, 2008, immigrants who wish and are eligible to become U.S. citizens will have to take a revised citizenship test. The new test was created to ensure that future citizens have a good understanding of U.S. history and civic values, as well as English language skills.
THE ROLE OF DELEGATES IN THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATING PROCESS
Council on Foreign Relations, February 12, 2008
http://www.cfr.org/publication/15414/delegate_system.html?breadcrumb=%2F
In recent decades, the presidential candidates of the two major political parties in the United States generally have emerged during state-by-state primary elections and caucuses that occur in the winter and spring before a general election. Officially, candidates only become their party’s presidential nominee after a vote is taken by party delegates to the Republican or Democratic presidential nominating conventions later in the summer. These delegates are supposed to take their cue from the voters who cast ballots during their states’ primaries and caucuses, though each party’s rules make it possible for multiple rounds of balloting and horse trading if no candidate is able to gain a majority on the first ballot. But since 1976, no major party convention has opened with the identity of the nominee in question.
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